Wednesday, 11 June 2014

The problem of using ERP for the sake of using it

We don’t want an ERP: If one can get a list of famous Harvard case studies on Information Systems, one company’s name would feature more than the others: ‘Air Products’. As a $5 billion gas and chemical manufacturer based in Allentown, Pennsylvania and a leading innovator in environmental technologies and business systems, Air Products attracts management graduates attention when it comes to developing successful information systems which turn-around their business.

However there is one big fish missing in the pool of carefully tailored IT systems of Air Products – an ERP system. “We do not need an enterprise system.” a manager of Air Products says, “We have many information systems for individual business models and we do not see any substantial incremental benefit that the ERP systems offer.” Why did a company which has a list of successful IT implementations which have taken the business to the next level avoid implementing a basic ERP which every competitor will have?
Regardless of what the Air Products management thinks, Enterprise systems are becoming indispensible in today’s competitive environment. ERP systems always come with a philosophy of ‘scale, simplicity and sameness.’  However, the benefits of ERP systems can be classified under the following heads,

Standardising business process: One common headache which managers have when their company implements and ES is conveying their finalized business process to their IT vendors. ERP requires your business process to be defined to a very microscopic extent. This benefit of following a standardised business process after an ERP implementation helps gain benefits especially in interfacing areas like CRM and supplier relationships. ERP reaps the highest benefits for a  products with short life cycle because the time from the drawing room to product launch is highly reduced. This helps a company to launch a product faster than its competitors and a quicker launch if of tremendous advantage in products with short life cycle.

A Birds eye view: One of the most common reasons why midsized industries implement IT systems to get a substantial and quantified picture of the entire business chain. “I want to know where my money is going” is one common reason why medium scale industries grab IT systems. IT systems help integrating various facets of business and bring them in one common umbrella. A well implemented IT system is a decision maker’s delight. One of the biggest benefits companies try to derive out of an ERP system is better decision making in terms of forecasting, cost cutting and also any strategic changes. Comparing industry averages of various modules with the company’s own performance will act as the basis of structuring future strategies and Enterprise Systems lend a big hand in data gathering.
Better customer service:  We could now provide the exact freight, down to the cubic dimensions and weight of the box, which is helpful with invoicing”, says a manager of Augusta Sportswear.  Augusta Sportswear is one of the pioneers in Sports good industry who adopted ERP. A renowned maker of customized sportswear, Augusta Sportswear has realized high benefits from ERP implementation.

The service providers: SAP leads the package when it comes to ERP. In-fact there was a time when SAP was synonymous to ERP. Thanks to their semi-customised packages for almost all type of industries and a huge fleet of training centres in developing countries, SAP has captured ERP market.






Image 1: ERP Software market share
Thanks to their focussed approach to ERP systems, SAP leads its competitors by a margin. One thing which makes SAP stand out is their adherence to business needs; SAP has a customized ERP platform for every type of industry you may name. Oracle has been fairly successful with its attempt for technology leapfrog. Its cloud hosted ERP systems are light weight and technically sound, the cloud feature brings the hardware requirements of the clients down and hence subsequent costs of implementation are reduced.
But why Implement ERP for the sake of it? At a time when corporations where so concerned about embedding their process with ERP systems and managers were worried about the next technical module update their ERP vendor had to offer, Panaroma Consulting solutions conducted a survey and researched the real impact of ERP on business. The results were alarming. The image below shows the amount of benefit realised but various ERP implementations considered in the research.




Image 2: Percentage benefits realised through ERP projects

One might be surprised on how only 8 percent of the implementations had reaped more than 80% of expected benefits. But what really is surprising is the 14% of implementations, where the management did not even have a Business Case for the implementation. The mistake is not because of implementation errors or a model misfit, the mistake lies in the reason to implement ERP in itself. Consider a company which takes commodity supplies; there is no need for a high tech Supplier relationship module in such case.  The incremental benefit offered by a updated and highly efficient supply module of an ERP system over a basic model will be negligible.
            Managers have started to realise, it is not the technical efficiency that makes an ERP implementation success, it is the alignment to business process and needs which drives the benefits. A misfit between ERP systems and business process will offer no substantial benefits to the company.
Importance of Business alignment: So as to make an ERP system reap benefits for the business, one has to make sure the IT strategies are in line with the core business needs and strategies. A misfit will result in ERP applications providing a lot of functions which are of no value to the given business at all. Managers have to ask a lot of questions pertaining to the relevance of a ERPs system or an ERP update to the current company requirements.



Contributed by:

Satish H. & Madhumita D.B

PGDM (2013-2015)

Tapmi Institute of Management, Manipal

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